Analysis of UTM Tracking Performance for Conformance Monitoring via Hybrid SITL Monte Carlo Methods

Conformance monitoring supports UTM safety by observing if unmanned aircraft (UA) are adhering to declared operational intent. As a supporting system, robust cooperative tracking is critical. Nevertheless, systems for UAS traffic management (UTM) in an early stage and under-standardized, existing literature hardly addresses the problem. To bridge this gap, study aims probabilistically evaluate impact of change performances on effectiveness conformance monitoring. We propose Monte Carlo simulation-based method. ensure realistic simulation environment, we use hybrid software-in-the-loop (SITL) scheme. The major uncertainties contributing stochastic evaluation measured separately integrated into final simulation. Latency tests were conducted assess performance different communication technologies tracking. Flight technical error generation via SITL simulations navigational system based flight experiments employed model UA trajectory uncertainty. Based these tests, further used overall impacts various key indicators Results suggest that extrapolation position enables quicker non-conformance detection, but introduces greater variability detection delay, exacerbates incidence nuisance alerts missed detections, particularly when latencies high velocity errors severe. Recommendations update rates ≥1 Hz remain consistent with previous studies, as investments increasing rate do not lead corresponding improvements according results.